How to crack campus placement

1. Basic Things before the Interview-

1.1. Resume

The resume is representative of the individual. As they say, the first impression is the last impression. It is therefore in the best interests of the individual that enough “due diligence” is done on preparing the resume. Candidates can talk to professionals or alumni and take their help. The NorthEastIndia(write to northeastindia-owner@yahoogroups.com) mailing network is a pool of such willing professionals who can help. Similarly, students must exploit the wonderful resource called the Internet.

     Some references to websites

            1) http://freshersworld.com

            2) http://naukri.com

                3) http://timesjobs.com                                          

1.2. Information about the Recruiter

    Any candidate who is going to eligible for campus interviews should first gather information about the recruiter and know more about them. Read about the organization, ask people about what they do, what their hiring policies are like, keep track of the company’s visit to other college campuses across India. A wonderful source would be to visit their official website. Another source could be business magazines like Business India or Business Standard.

1.3. Information about the recruitment process

 It is highly expected that any candidate, who is appearing in the campus interview test, must collect information about the whole recruitment process of that particular recruiter. Serious efforts need to go into this activity - they should do some homework before giving the actual interview. Please study the following steps in detail.

2. Written test

2.1: Aptitude Section

 Most of the companies nowadays mainly give importance to this section. Infact if it is related to IT or some management then surely there will be section for aptitude. Students need to prepare well before they sit for the written. The main thing in any aptitude test is the management of time. For this, students require to practice a lot before the test.

Sources

The Internet: In today’s world best source is Internet. Anyone can find a company’s question paper in the net.

Some of the site names where question papers can be collected are

1.             http://freshersworld.com

2.             http://ittestpapers.com/

Along with this student can join some yahoo groups like chetna, efreshers. In this yahoo groups students from all over India exchanges question papers /queries /interview experience and all.

       Aptitude Books:The second source for aptitude is books.

Ø  Aptitude Test—By RS Agarwal

Ø 3 books of Puzzles  --By Shakuntala Devi

Ø Puzzles By George Summers

Ø Puzzles By Ravi narula

Ø GRE guide

Ø Study material for CAT by some standard institute like IMS

2.2: Technical Section

           For IT related companies questions may come from the following area

1. C Books---

Ø               Let us C /Pointers in C/Test your C skills /Let Us C solutions ---By yashwant           kanetkar

Ø               The c programming language by -- Kernighan and Ritchie       

2. Data structure – TannenBaum

3.  C++ -- Balaguruswamy and Schaum Series

4. Unix –UNIX shell programming by yashwant kanetkar

                 5. Java -- A Programmer's Guide to Java™ Certification—by Khalid

                        A. Mughal

                6. Operating system –OS by Galvin

                7. Microprocessors 

                8. Networking ----  TannenBaum
                9.  Software engineering --- Roger Pressman.

Note: -- Here the technical section will be different for different organizations. It may happen that questions will be asked only in 1 or 2 sections.

Point to be noted: For core Engineering companies questions may come from the areas on which generally most of the organization  are offering  services .It will always depend on the organization .Students need to gather information  well before the actual test.

 The main point here is that not everyone is good in each and every field. Each one of us has our fortes and weaknesses too. What companies look for are people who know their area of specialization and are an expert in it. More over  for all the branch related technical test students can refer study material of GATE,IES and many other handbooks .

Therefore, it pays to be a master in some fields if not the jack of all. Students need to at least choose two subjects from the entire engineering course preferably, on which most the companies offer their services and prepare well for the interview. Since in campus interviews generally the duration are not that much long for, students should take this advantage and should show his skills with in this time period.

2.3: English Section

  This is one of the key focus areas of every organization looking to recruit competent resources. Employees with good written and verbal communication skills are highly sought after. The pattern of this section will vary for company to company. But the basic things will be always there in the written test.

Student can refer to the question papers and should do some homework.

Sources---

Books—

Ø    Mainly any Vocabulary Book.

Ø    GRE guide

Ø    Study material for the management course

3.  Group Discussion

      

Generally companies conduct group discussion after the written test so as to check on your interactive skills and how good the student are at communicating with other people. The GD is to check how the candidate behave, participate and contribute in a group, how much importance do one give to the group objective as well as with his own, how well do one listen to viewpoints of others and how open-minded are one in accepting views contrary to your own. The aspects that make up a GD are verbal communication, non-verbal behavior, and conformation to norms, decision-making ability and cooperation.

For preparation of GD --

Ø       Students in every institute can organize mock GD among themselves.

Ø       Can gather tips for GD from different sources like the Internet, books.

Ø       They can go through the courses for GD basically provided for the institute which is meant for management exams.

Ø       Students need to be aware of current affairs.

4. Technical Interview

Technical Interview will vary from companies to companies. It is obvious that those questions which are generally asked for IT sector will not be asked for the other sector. So again everything will depend on the recruiters. Students need to gather sufficient information about the company for which they are going to give the interview.

Some points—

Ø       Prepare the resume well.

Ø       Students   should analyze the possible questions that interviewer can ask while going through the resume and should prepare for those question. For instance if mentioned leadership skills in the resume, student should be able to tell the interviewer what are the projects or the programs student have done or organized as a leader.

Ø       Students need to remember one thing that they have worked on the project for whole 6 months and they are the person who knows most about their  project more than any one else.

Ø       It is easy for non-CSE students to clear the technical interview in IT sector. This is because if the interviewer asks them questions on advanced topics, they have an excuse to say that they did not study them in their curriculum. Non-CSE candidates will be asked questions mostly in C language. So they should be proficient in C language.

Ø       Another important thing in Technical interview is the project. Some of the interviewers ask 60% of the questions in project only. So students need to be very much clear and in depth knowledge on the area on which they hade done the project. For example if anyone from E&T or EE branch have done his project on Microprocessor and then the probability of question will be more in that area.

Ø       Interviewer may ask for the student favorite subject. Every interviewer expects that student should be able to answer most of the questions in at least his favorite subject. Student   should be thorough with your favorite subject.

5. H.R Interview
A candidate generally faces this round after having cleared the above said stages (with the exception of certain companies where you face it before the technical round). The candidate must be fully prepared for this stage. The general questions asked in this round are

Ø     Tell us about yourself.

Ø     What do you know about our company?

Ø     Why do you want to join our company?

Ø     What are your strengths and weaknesses?

Ø     Where do you see yourself in the next five years?

Ø     Why should we hire you?

     Adding  here another point ,since in the campus interviews most of the companies recruit from Non IT branch also .So in the HR interview the recruiter will ask for the specific reason for changing their career path to IT from other core branch. 

Again will it be said that everything depends upon the recruiters. These may seem easy to answer but one must be well prepared with answers with proper script beforehand. Here are a few preparation tips that can help a candidate

1) Candidate should outline their education in the reverse chronological order (ie latest first.) reflecting upon their achievements.   

2) Candidate should regularly check upon their strengths and weaknesses. Jot down the technical and non-technical skills and should be prepared for citing examples of their skills for effectiveness.

At the end of the interview, most interviewers generally ask if the candidate has any questions. Therefore, one should be prepared beforehand with 2-3 technical and 2-3 non-technical questions and commit them to your memory before the interview.

Here we are giving few sample questions that one can ask at the time of their interview.

Sample Questions

Ø  Could you tell the growth plans and goals of the company?

Ø  
What skills are important to be successful in this position?

Ø  
What are the criteria your company uses for performance appraisal?

Therefore before going for an interview, one should find out as much information on the company as possible. The best sources are the public library, the Internet (you can check out the company's site), and one can even call the company and get the required information. The information gives the candidate a one-up in the interview besides proving his/her content for the company or position.

6. Last but not the least

The most important thing for the student is to be confident, have a positive frame of mind and be flexible about your work and location.

 Interview Day

    • Arrive 10 minutes early.

    • Dress in a conservative, professional style (women: dress or suit; men: suit and tie).

    • Get a haircut if necessary

    • Don't chew gum.

    • Bring copies of your resume, transcript and references.

    • If appropriate, prepare samples of previous work to take with you.

    • Place the items you are bringing in a nice notebook or portfolio.

 During the Interview

    • Treat administrative assistants with respect.

    • Greet the recruiter by title and last name, smile, and give a firm handshake.

    • Engage in polite small talk prior to the formal interview.

• Speak well about school and employers for whom you have worked. Avoid saying anything

        negative.

    • Be yourself. Don't suddenly try to change your personality.

    • Maintain eye contact. Good eye contact conveys interest, trust, and respect.

    • Listen. Don't get so wrapped up in formulating your responses that you miss what           the interviewer

        is saying.

    • Share your goals, interests, and experiences. Comment on work you want to do.

    • Ask questions to understand the organization.

    • At the end of the interview, express appreciation, reaffirm your interest, and offer a handshake.

        Ask the recruiter for a business card so you can send a thank-you email.

  After the Interview

    • Always send a thank-you email with 24 hours reaffirming your interest in the position.

    • Be ready to wait. You'll be anxious to receive an offer but be prepared to wait 2 or 3 weeks.

Preparing for an On-site Visit or Second Interview

    • Being invited for a 2nd interview means that you’ve passed the initial screening.You can anticipate this interview being longer and more in-depth than the initial interview.

    • Expect to meet with people from varying levels within the organization.

    • You may be interviewed in the traditional one-on-one format or in a group setting.

  • The on-site interview provides you with the opportunity to evaluate the organization’s culture and

        your potential co-workers and managers.

    • Do not accept a 2nd interview if you are not seriously interested in the

position.

The STAR Technique

When the recruiter asks questions about your qualifications, you should emphasize your positive traits.

Give examples using the STAR Technique:

S Situation (Explain the situation) OR

T Task (What task were you assigned?)

A Action (How it was handled)

R Result (The outcome)

STAR Technique Examples:

• Developed computer program to estimate power losses in plated waveguides.

• Coordinated fraternity activities resulting in a 50 percent increase in membership.

• Managed more than 400 community volunteers responsible for raising more than $2 million for local

United Way.

Here's a good way to prepare for behavior-based interviews:

•    Identify 6-8 past experiences where you demonstrated behaviors and        skills that employers typically seek.

         o Half your examples should be positive, such as accomplishments           or meeting goals.

         o The other half should be situations that started out negatively but        either ended positively or

              you made the best of the outcome.

•    Vary your examples; don't take them all from just one area of your life.

•    Try to describe examples in story form and/or STAR. In the interview, listen carefully to each question, and pull an example out of your bag of tricks that provides an appropriate description of how you demonstrated the desired behavior. With practice, you can learn to tailor a relatively small set of examples to respond to a number of different behavioral questions.

Common Behavioral-Interview Questions:

•    Describe a situation in which you used persuasion to convince   someone to see things your way.

•    Describe a time when you were faced with a stressful situation that   demonstrated your coping skills.

•    Give me a specific example of a time when you used good judgment         and logic in solving a problem.

•    Give me an example of a time when you set a goal and were able to         meet or achieve it.

•    Tell me about a time when you had to use your presentation skills to influence someone's opinion.

• Give me a specific example of a time when you had to conform to a     policy      with which you did not agree.

• Please discuss an important written document you were required to      complete.

• Tell me about a time when you had to go above and beyond the call of         duty in order to get a job done.

• Tell me about a time when you had too many things to do and you were       required to prioritize your  tasks.

• Give me an example of a time when you had to make a split second    decision.

• What is your typical way of dealing with conflict? Give me an example.

• Tell me about a time you were able to successfully deal with another    person even when that

          individual may not have personally liked you (or vice versa).

• Tell me about a difficult decision you've made in the last year.

• Give me an example of a time when something you tried to accomplish and failed.

• Give me an example of when you showed initiative and took the lead.

• Tell me about a recent situation in which you had to deal with a very       upset customer or co-worker.

• Give me an example of a time when you motivated others.

• Tell me about a time when you delegated a project effectively.

• Give me an example of a time when you used your fact-finding skills to solve a problem.

• Tell me about a time when you missed an obvious solution to a problem.

• Describe a time when you anticipated potential problems and developed preventive measures.

• Tell me about a time when you were forced to make an unpopular decision.

• Describe a time when you set your sights too high (or too low).

      

COMMONLY ASKING INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

• How would you describe yourself?

• Why did you choose this major? Why did you choose the career for which you are preparing?

• Why did you choose our organization-- and are you happy with the choice?

• Why are you interested in this internship?

• What can you tell us about our company?

• What interests you about our products?

• In what ways do you think you can contribute to our company?

• What are you long-range career goals? – how do you plan to achieve them?

• Do you have plans to attend graduate school?

• Why did you choose the courses you’ve taken?

• What do you consider to be your greatest strengths and weaknesses?

• How do you think your favorite professor would describe you? Your least favorite professor?

• How would a friend describe you?

• What motivates you to go the extra mile on a project or job?

• What was your most memorable classroom experience?

• How has your college experience prepared you thus far for your career?

• Why should I hire you?

• How would you describe the ideal job for you following graduation?

• How do you define success? Failure?

• What qualifications do you have that will make you successful?

• How would you describe your leadership skills?

•   How well do you adapt to new situations?

•   How well do you work with people? Do you prefer working alone or in teams?

•   How are you going to make a contribution to our company?

•   What are two or three accomplishments that have given you the most satisfaction -- and why?

•   What have you accomplished that shows your initiative and willingness to work?

•   What was your favorite class -- and why?

•   What was your least favorite class -- and why?

•   Describe your favorite professor or favorite supervisor.

•   What’s your GPA? Are you happy with it?

•   Do you think your grades are a good indication of the type of employee you’ll make?

•   In which campus activities have you participated?

•   Have you ever done volunteer work? What?

•   How do you spend your leisure time?

•   What supervisory or leadership roles have you held?

•   Do you work well under pressure? – Give me an example of a situation where you were under pressure and produced successful results.

•   What do you see yourself doing in five years?

•   What are your long-term career objectives, and how do you plan to achieve them?

•   What criteria are you using to choose companies to interview with?

•   Are you willing to relocate?

•   Are you willing to travel for the job?

•   How much training do you think you need before you can make a contribution to the         company?

•   What jobs have you held previously? What responsibilities did you have?

•   How did you get along with former professors/supervisors/co-workers?

•   What are the characteristics of an ideal job for you?

•   How do you feel about working in a structured environment?

•   How do you feel about working overtime?

•   Do you prefer to work with data, machines, people, or ideas?

•   Which is more important: creativity or efficiency? Why?

•   Describe one of the biggest mistakes you’ve made in college. -- What did you learn            from your mistakes?

•   Describe a situation where you worked through a challenge or solved a problem.

•   Describe a time when you worked as part of a team to accomplish a goal.

•   What other jobs/companies are you considering?

•   Have you ever been in a group project where there were difficulties? How were these       issues resolved?

•   What kinds of things or skills did you learn from these activities?

•   Who are your role models?

•   Have you ever given a presentation to a group of people?

•   Tell me about a difficult challenge you have experienced and explain how you          handled it.

•   Do you think college has changed you as a person? If so, how?

Questions You Might Want to Ask the Employer

At some point in the interview, the recruiter will ask you if you have any questions. Failing to ask

questions may be interpreted as lack of interest or preparation.

•   What would my tasks and responsibilities be?

•   What is a normal day like for an intern at your company?

•   How many hours per week would you ideally like an intern to work?

•   Who would be my supervisor? Could I meet him/her?

•   Will I be trained by an intern who has this position already or by the professional staff?

•   Will this position be assisting one of your professional staff or working on a specially designed

    project?

•   (If it is a project) Will the project be completed in the work term or carried on by another student in a

    subsequent term?

•   Do you have other interns? If so, how are they utilized?

•   How long have you had an internship program?

•   Do interns have the opportunity to participate in training experiences?

•   What kind of training or orientation do you provide?

•   What skills or experience are you looking for?

•   What type of person would thrive at your company?

•   How does the department I would work in fit into the overall organization?

•   What is the general role and status of interns? How can I expect to be received?

•   How would my performance be evaluated?

•   Do interns often receive full-time offers after graduation?

•   When should I expect to hear back from you?

Determine Which Offer is Right for You

Be sure never to accept an offer (verbally or in writing) until you are confident of your decision.

Assess the Organization

• Were the people there supportive and enthusiastic toward me and interns in general?

• Did you like the people you met and did you feel comfortable during the interview process?

• Is my personality a good fit for this work environment?

• Does the work atmosphere appeal to me?

• Is the organization growing or downsizing?

• Would you be working in a strong division or with a strong team?

• What is the organization’s culture (formal vs. informal, availability of outside functions and activities,

    etc.)?

• How does the employer treat and train its interns?

• What has been the employer’s intern after-graduation hiring rate?

• Can you see yourself working in this organization?

Assess the Position

• How well does this position relate to my career goals and academic background?

• Does the job sound interesting, exciting and challenging to you?

• Are your abilities suited to this organization?

• What skills and experience will you gain from this job?

• How can the position prepare you for future opportunities?

• What is the growth potential in this position?

• What career track do employees in this position usually follow?

• How much overtime, if any, do the people in this position usually work?

• Will there be travel? If so, how much and how often?

• Does the employer offer a housing allowance or travel reimbursement to and from the job?

• Is overtime paid or unpaid?

TECHNICAL INTERVIEW QUSTIONS

C- Questions

1. What does static variable mean?
2. What is a pointer?
3. What is a structure?
4. What are the differences between structures and arrays?
5. In header files whether functions are declared or defined?
6. What are the differences between malloc() and calloc()?
7. What are macros? what are its advantages and disadvantages?
8. Difference between pass by reference and pass by value?
9. What is static identifier?
10. Where are the auto variables stored?
11. Where does global, static, local, register variables, free memory and C Program instructions get stored?
12. Difference between arrays and linked list?
13. What are enumerations?
14. Describe about storage allocation and scope of global, extern, static, local and register variables?
15. What are register variables? What are the advantage of using register variables?
16. What is the use of typedef?
17. Can we specify variable field width in a scanf() format string? If possible how?
18. Out of fgets() and gets() which function is safe to use and why?
19. Difference between strdup and strcpy?
20. What is recursion?
21. Differentiate between a for loop and a while loop? What are it uses?
22. What are the different storage classes in C?
23. Write down the equivalent pointer _expression for referring the same element a[i][j][k][l]?
24. What is difference between Structure and Unions?
25. What the advantages of using Unions?
26. What are the advantages of using pointers in a program?
27. What is the difference between Strings and Arrays?
28. In a header file whether functions are declared or defined?
29. What is a far pointer? where we use it?
30. How will you declare an array of three function pointers where each function receives two ints and returns a float?
31. what is a NULL Pointer? Whether it is same as an uninitialized pointer?
32. What is a NULL Macro? What is the difference between a NULL Pointer and a NULL Macro?
33. What does the error 'Null Pointer Assignment' mean and what causes this error?
34. What is near, far and huge pointers? How many bytes are occupied by them?
35. How would you obtain segment and offset addresses from a far address of a memory location?
36. Are the expressions arr and &arr same for an array of integers?
37. Does mentioning the array name gives the base address in all the contexts?
38. Explain one method to process an entire string as one unit?
39. What is the similarity between a Structure, Union and enumeration?
40. Can a Structure contain a Pointer to itself?
41. How can we check whether the contents of two structure variables are same or not?
42. How are Structure passing and returning implemented by the complier?
43. How can we read/write Structures from/to data files?
44. What is the difference between an enumeration and a set of pre-processor # defines?
45. what do the 'c' and 'v' in argc and argv stand for?
46. Are the variables argc and argv are local to main?
47. What is the maximum combined length of command line arguments including the space between adjacent arguments?
48. If we want that any wildcard characters in the command line arguments should be appropriately expanded, are we required to make any special provision? If yes, which?
49. Does there exist any way to make the command line arguments available to other functions without passing them as arguments to the function?
50. What are bit fields? What is the use of bit fields in a Structure declaration?
51. To which numbering system can the binary number 1101100100111100 be easily converted to?
52. Which bit wise operator is suitable for checking whether a particular bit is on or off?
53. Which bit wise operator is suitable for turning off a particular bit in a number?
54. Which bit wise operator is suitable for putting on a particular bit in a number?
55. Which bit wise operator is suitable for checking whether a particular bit is on or off?
56. which one is equivalent to multiplying by 2:Left shifting a number by 1 or Left shifting an unsigned int or char by 1?
57. Write a program to compare two strings without using the strcmp() function.
58. Write a program to concatenate two strings.
59. Write a program to interchange 2 variables without using the third one.
60. Write programs for String Reversal & Palindrome check
61. Write a program to find the Factorial of a number
62. Write a program to generate the Fibinocci Series
63. Write a program which employs Recursion
64. Write a program which uses Command Line Arguments
65. Write a program which uses functions like strcmp(), strcpy()? etc
66. What are the advantages of using typedef in a program?
67. How would you dynamically allocate a one-dimensional and two-dimensional array of integers?
68. How can you increase the size of a dynamically allocated array?
69. How can you increase the size of a statically allocated array?
70. When reallocating memory if any other pointers point into the same piece of memory do you have to readjust these other pointers or do they get readjusted automatically?
71. Which function should be used to free the memory allocated by calloc()?
72. How much maximum can you allocate in a single call to malloc()?
73. Can you dynamically allocate arrays in expanded memory?
74. What is object file? How can you access object file?
75. Which header file should you include if you are to develop a function which can accept variable number of arguments?
76. Can you write a function similar to printf()?
77. How can a called function determine the number of arguments that have been passed to it?
78. Can there be at least some solution to determine the number of arguments passed to a variable argument list function?
79. How do you declare the following:
* An array of three pointers to chars
* An array of three char pointers
* A pointer to array of three chars
* A pointer to function which receives an int pointer and returns a float pointer
* A pointer to a function which receives nothing and returns nothing
80. What do the functions atoi(), itoa() and gcvt() do?
81. Does there exist any other function which can be used to convert an integer or a float to a string?
82. How would you use qsort() function to sort an array of structures?
83. How would you use qsort() function to sort the name stored in an array of pointers to string?
84. How would you use bsearch() function to search a name stored in array of pointers to string?
85. How would you use the functions sin(), pow(), sqrt()?
86. How would you use the functions memcpy(), memset(), memmove()?
87. How would you use the functions fseek(), freed(), fwrite() and ftell()?
88. How would you obtain the current time and difference between two times?
89. How would you use the functions randomize() and random()?
90. How would you implement a substr() function that extracts a sub string from a given string?
91. What is the difference between the functions rand(), random(), srand() and randomize()?
92. What is the difference between the functions memmove() and memcpy()?
93. How do you print a string on the printer?
94. Can you use the function fprintf() to display the output on the screen?



C++- Questions

1.        What is a class?
2. What is an object?
3. What is the difference between an object and a class?
4. What is the difference between class and structure?
5. What is public, protected, private?
6. What are virtual functions?
7. What is friend function?
8. What is a scope resolution operator?
9. What do you mean by inheritance?
10. What is abstraction?
11. What is polymorphism? Explain with an example.
12. What is encapsulation?
13. What do you mean by binding of data and functions?
14. What is function overloading and operator overloading?
15. What is virtual class and friend class?
16. What do you mean by inline function?
17. What do you mean by public, private, protected and friendly?
18. When is an object created and what is its lifetime?
19. What do you mean by multiple inheritance and multilevel inheritance? Differentiate between them.
20. Difference between realloc() and free?
21. What is a template?
22. What are the main differences between procedure oriented languages and object oriented languages?
23. What is R T T I ?
24. What are generic functions and generic classes?
25. What is namespace?
26. What is the difference between pass by reference and pass by value?
27. Why do we use virtual functions?
28. What do you mean by pure virtual functions?
29. What are virtual classes?
30. Does c++ support multilevel and multiple inheritance?
31. What are the advantages of inheritance?
32. When is a memory allocated to a class?
33. What is the difference between declaration and definition?
34. What is virtual constructors/destructors?
35. In c++ there is only virtual destructors, no constructors. Why?
36. What is late bound function call and early bound function call? Differentiate.
37. How is exception handling carried out in c++?
38. When will a constructor executed?
39. What is Dynamic Polymorphism?
40. Write a macro for swapping integers.

DATA STRUCTURE QUESTIONS

1. What is a data structure?
2. What does abstract data type means?
3. Evaluate the following prefix _expression " ++ 26 + - 1324" (Similar types can be asked)
4. Convert the following infix _expression to post fix notation ((a+2)*(b+4)) -1 (Similar types can be asked)
5. How is it possible to insert different type of elements in stack?
6. Stack can be described as a pointer. Explain.
7. Write a Binary Search program
8. Write programs for Bubble Sort, Quick sort
9. Explain about the types of linked lists
10. How would you sort a linked list?
11. Write the programs for Linked List (Insertion and Deletion) operations
12. What data structure would you mostly likely see in a non recursive implementation of a recursive algorithm?
13. What do you mean by Base case, Recursive case, Binding Time, Run-Time Stack and Tail Recursion?
14. Explain quick sort and merge sort algorithms and derive the time-constraint relation for these.
15. Explain binary searching, Fibinocci search.
16. What is the maximum total number of nodes in a tree that has N levels? Note that the root is level (zero)
17. How many different binary trees and binary search trees can be made from three nodes that contain the key values 1, 2 & 3?
18. A list is ordered from smaller to largest when a sort is called. Which sort would take the longest time to execute?
19. A list is ordered from smaller to largest when a sort is called. Which sort would take the shortest time to execute?
20. When will you sort an array of pointers to list elements, rather than sorting the elements themselves?
21. The element being searched for is not found in an array of 100 elements. What is the average number of comparisons needed in a sequential search to determine that the element is not there, if the elements are completely unordered?
22. What is the average number of comparisons needed in a sequential search to determine the position of an element in an array of 100 elements, if the elements are ordered from largest to smallest?
23. Which sort show the best average behavior?
24. What is the average number of comparisons in a sequential search?
25. Which data structure is needed to convert infix notations to post fix notations?
26. What do you mean by:
* Syntax Error
* Logical Error
* Runtime Error
How can you correct these errors?
27. In which data structure, elements can be added or removed at either end, but not in the middle?
28. How will inorder, preorder and postorder traversals print the elements of a tree?
29. Parenthesis are never needed in prefix or postfix expressions. Why?
30. Which one is faster? A binary search of an orderd set of elements in an array or a sequential search of the elements.


JAVA QUESTIONS

1. What is the difference between an Abstract class and Interface?
2. What is user defined exception?
3. What do you know about the garbage collector?
4. What is the difference between java and c++?
5. In an htm form I have a button which makes us to open another page in 15 seconds. How will you do that?
6. What is the difference between process and threads?
7. What is update method called?
8. Have you ever used HashTable and Directory?
9. What are statements in Java?
10. What is a JAR file?
11. What is JNI?
12. What is the base class for all swing components?
13. What is JFC?
14. What is the difference between AWT and Swing?
15. Considering notepad/IE or any other thing as process, What will happen if you start notepad or IE 3 times ? Where three processes are started or three threads are started?
16. How does thread synchronization occur in a monitor?
17. Is there any tag in htm to upload and download files?
18. Why do you canvas?
19. How can you know about drivers and database information ?
20. What is serialization?
21. Can you load the server object dynamically? If so what are the 3 major steps involved in it?
22. What is the layout for toolbar?
23. What is the difference between Grid and Gridbaglayout?
24. How will you add panel to a frame?
25. Where are the card layouts used?
26. What is the corresponding layout for card in swing?
27. What is light weight component?
28. Can you run the product development on all operating systems?
29. What are the benefits if Swing over AWT?
30. How can two threads be made to communicate with each other?
31. What are the files generated after using IDL to java compiler?
32. What is the protocol used by server and client?
33. What is the functionability stubs and skeletons?
34. What is the mapping mechanism used by java to identify IDL language?
35. What is serializable interface?
36. What is the use of interface?
37. Why is java not fully objective oriented?
38. Why does java not support multiple inheritance?
39. What is the root class for all java classes?
40. What is polymorphism?
41. Suppose if we have a variable 'I' in run method, if I can create one or more thread each thread will occupy a separate copy or same variable will be shared?
42. What are virtual functions?
43. Write down how will you create a Binary tree?
44. What are the traverses in binary tree?
45. Write a program for recursive traverse?
46. What are session variable in servlets?
47. What is client server computing?
48. What is constructor and virtual function? Can we call a virtual function in a constructor?
49. Why do we use oops concepts? What is its advantage?
50. What is middleware? What is the functionality of web server?
51. Why is java not 100% pure oops?
52. When will you use an interface and abstract class?
53. What is the exact difference in between Unicast and Multicast object? Where will it be used?
54. What is the main functionality of the remote reference layer?
55. How do you download stubs from Remote place?
56. I want to store more than 10 objects in a remote server? Which methodology will follow?
57. What is the main functionality of Prepared Statement?
58. What is meant by Static query and Dynamic query?
59. What are Normalization Rules? Define Normalization?
60. What is meant by Servelet? What are the parameters of service method?
61. What is meant by Session? Explain something about HTTP Session Class?
62. In a container there are 5 components. I want to display all the component names, how will you do that?
63. Why there are some null interface in JAVA? What does it mean? Give some null interface in JAVA?
64. Tell some latest versions in JAVA related areas?
65. What is meant by class loader? How many types are there? When will we use them?
66. What is meant by flickering?
67. What is meant by distributed application? Why are we using that in our application?
68. What is the functionality of the stub?
69. Explain about version control?
70. Explain 2-tier and 3-tier architecture?
71. What is the role of Web Server?
72. How can we do validation of the fields in a project?
73. What is meant by cookies? Explain the main features?
74. Why java is considered as platform independent?
75. What are the advantages of java over C++?
76. How java can be connected to a database?
77. What is thread?
78. What is difference between Process and Thread?
79. Does java support multiple inheritance? if not, what is the solution?
80. What are abstract classes?
81. What is an interface?
82. What is the difference abstract class and interface?
83. What are adapter classes?
84. what is meant wrapper classes?
85. What are JVM.JRE, J2EE, JNI?
86. What are swing components?
87. What do you mean by light weight and heavy weight components?
88. What is meant by function overloading and function overriding?
89. Does java support function overloading, pointers, structures, unions or linked lists?
90. What do you mean by multithreading?
91. What are byte codes?
92. What are streams?
93. What is user defined exception?
94. In an htm page form I have one button which makes us to open a new page in 15 seconds. How will you do that?



Advanced JAVA questions

1. What is RMI?
2. Explain about RMI Architecture?
3. What are Servelets?
4. What is the use of servlets?
5. Explain RMI Architecture?
6. How will you pass values from htm page to the servlet?
7. How do you load an image in a Servelet?
8. What is purpose of applet programming?
9. How will you communicate between two applets?
10. What IS the difference between Servelets and Applets?
11. How do you communicate in between Applets and Servlets?
12. What is the difference between applet and application?
13. What is the difference between CGI and Servlet?
14. In the servlets, we are having a web page that is invoking servlets ,username and password? which is checks in database? Suppose the second page also if we want to verify the same information whether it will connect to the database or it will be used previous information?
15. What are the difference between RMI and Servelets?
16. How will you call an Applet using Java Script Function?
17. How can you push data from an Applet to a Servlet?
18. What are 4 drivers available in JDBC? At what situation are four of the drivers used?
19. If you are truncated using JDBC , how can you that how much data is truncated?
20. How will you perform truncation using JDBC?
21. What is the latest version of JDBC? What are the new features added in that?
22. What is the difference between RMI registry and OS Agent?
23. To a server method, the client wants to send a value 20, with this value exceeds to 20 a message should be sent to the client . What will you do for achieving this?
24. How do you invoke a Servelet? What is the difference between doPost method and doGet method?
25. What is difference between the HTTP Servelet and Generic Servelet? Explain about their methods and parameters?
26. Can we use threads in Servelets?
27. Write a program on RMI and JDBC using Stored Procedure?
28. How do you swing an applet?
29. How will you pass parameters in RMI? Why do you serialize?
30. In RMI ,server object is first loaded into memory and then the stub reference is sent to the client. true or false?
31. Suppose server object not loaded into the memory and the client request for it. What will happen?
32. What is the web server used for running the servelets?
33. What is Servlet API used for connecting database?
34. What is bean? Where can it be used?
35. What is the difference between java class and bean?
36. Can we sent objects using Sockets?
37. What is the RMI and Socket?
38. What is CORBA?
39. Can you modify an object in corba?
40. What is RMI and what are the services in RMI?
41. What are the difference between RMI and CORBA?
42. How will you initialize an Applet?
43. What is the order of method invocation in an Applet?
44. What is ODBC and JDBC? How do you connect the Database?
45. What do you mean by Socket Programming?
46. What is difference between Generic Servlet and HTTP Servelet?
47. What you mean by COM and DCOM?
48. what is e-commerce?

2.        

Operating System Questions

1. What are the basic functions of an operating system?
2. Explain briefly about, processor, assembler, compiler, loader, linker and the functions executed by them.
3. What are the difference phases of software development? Explain briefly?
4. Differentiate between RAM and ROM?
5. What is DRAM? In which form does it store data?
6. What is cache memory?
7. What is hard disk and what is its purpose?
8. Differentiate between Complier and Interpreter?
9. What are the different tasks of Lexical analysis?
10. What are the different functions of Syntax phase, Sheduler?
11. What are the main difference between Micro-Controller and Micro- Processor?
12. Describe different job scheduling in operating systems.
13. What is a Real-Time System ?
14. What is the difference between Hard and Soft real-time systems ?
15. What is a mission critical system ?
16. What is the important aspect of a real-time system ?
17. If two processes which shares same system memory and system clock in         a distributed system, What is it called?
18. What is the state of the processor, when a process is waiting for some event to occur?
19. What do you mean by deadlock?
20. Explain the difference between microkernel and macro kernel.
21. Give an example of microkernel.
22. When would you choose bottom up methodology?
23. When would you choose top down methodology?
24. Write a small dc shell script to find number of FF in the design.
25. Why paging is used ?
26. Which is the best page replacement algorithm and Why? How much time is spent usually in each phases and why?
27. Difference between Primary storage and secondary storage?
28. What is multi tasking, multi programming, multi threading?
29. Difference between multi threading and multi tasking?
30. What is software life cycle?
31. Demand paging, page faults, replacement algorithms, thrashing, etc.
32. Explain about paged segmentation and segment paging
33. While running DOS on a PC, which command would be used to duplicate the entire diskette?

MICROPROCESSOR QUESTIONS

1. Which type of architecture 8085 has?
2. How many memory locations can be addressed by a microprocessor with 14 address lines?
3. 8085 is how many bit microprocessor?
4. Why is data bus bi-directional?
5. What is the function of accumulator?
6. What is flag, bus?
7. What are tri-state devices and why they are essential in a bus oriented system?
8. Why are program counter and stack pointer 16-bit registers?
9. What does it mean by embedded system?
10. What are the different addressing modes in 8085?
11. What is the difference between MOV and MVI?
12. What are the functions of RIM, SIM, IN?
13. What is the immediate addressing mode?
14. What are the different flags in 8085?
15. What happens during DMA transfer?
16. What do you mean by wait state? What is its need?
17. What is PSW?
18. What is ALE? Explain the functions of ALE in 8085.
19. What is a program counter? What is its use?
20. What is an interrupt?
21. Which line will be activated when an output device require attention from CPU?



ELECTRONICS QUESTIONS

1. What is meant by D-FF?
2. What is the basic difference between Latches and Flip flops?
3. What is a multiplexer?
4. How can you convert an SR Flip-flop to a JK Flip-flop?
5. How can you convert an JK Flip-flop to a D Flip-flop?
6. What is Race-around problem? How can you rectify it?
7. Which semiconductor device is used as a voltage regulator and why?
8. What do you mean by an ideal voltage source?
9. What do you mean by zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown?
10. What are the different types of filters?
11. What is the need of filtering ideal response of filters and actual response of filters?
12. What is sampling theorem?
13. What is impulse response?
14. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of FIR filters compared to IIR counterparts.
15. What is CMRR? Explain briefly.
16. What do you mean by half-duplex and full-duplex communication? Explain briefly.
17. Which range of signals are used for terrestrial transmission?
18. What is the need for modulation?
19. Which type of modulation is used in TV transmission?
20. Why we use vestigial side band (VSB-C3F) transmission for picture?
21. When transmitting digital signals is it necessary to transmit some harmonics in addition to fundamental frequency?
22. For asynchronous transmission, is it necessary to supply some synchronizing pulses additionally or to supply or to supply start and stop bit?
23. BPFSK is more efficient than BFSK in presence of noise. Why?
24. What is meant by pre-emphasis and de-emphasis?
25. What do you mean by 3 dB cutoff frequency? Why is it 3 dB, not 1 dB?
26. What do you mean by ASCII, EBCDIC?